HL

The Best IB Chemistry Study Guide and Notes for SL/HL SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips IB Chemistry may not be quite as easy as this penguin makes it seems. So to help you out, I have compiled the best FREE online IB Chemistry Study Guides and Notes into one helpful article. I've organized this IB Chemistry Study Guide using the order laid out in the IB Chemistry Syllabus. How to Use This IB Chemistry Study Guide If there is one specific topic that you need more help with, use the Command + F function on your computer to search this guide for that subject. So, if you hope to read about The Mole Concept, use Command + F to bring up the search function. Type in â€Å"Mole Concept† and it will bring up all of the study materials for The Mole Concept. If you are looking for summary material to help you study for the IB Chemistry papers, check out the Overall Reviews section for great overall study resources. I've listed the notes and guides by topic. You should glance at this article during the school year to help you study for in-class tests and quizzes if you need more assistance or if you struggled to understand certain lectures in your IB Chemistry course. If you want additional help, read our article on the best IB Chemistry books to find additional study resources. You should be learning the material over the course of the school year and not cramming right before the IB Chemistry papers. Want to get better grades and test scores? We can help. PrepScholar Tutors is the world's best tutoring service. We combine world-class expert tutors with our proprietary teaching techniques. Our students have gotten A's on thousands of classes, perfect 5's on AP tests, and ludicrously high SAT Subject Test scores. Whether you need help with science, math, English, social science, or more, we've got you covered. Get better grades today with PrepScholar Tutors. Common Errors IB Chemistry Students Make When Studying Many students struggle with IB Chemistry SL/HL. There are so many subjects to learn, and you cannot fall behind. You need to be learning during the school year in order to ace the IB Chemistry papers. Common errors students make when studying are: #1: Avoiding the topics you didn't fully comprehend in class. If you did not learn it in the classroom, you need to seek additional assistance whether through this IB Chemistry study guide, IB Chemistry books, or through tutoring. #2: Only studying a week or two before the IB Chemistry Exam. There are way too many topics to master in only a week or two (which is why the course is taught over one to two years). So, master the subjects as you learn them in class. Use this study guide if you need more help comprehending the topics you cover in class. Otherwise, you will be as nervous as this kid during the test. Core- 95 hours for SL and HL Both IB Chemistry SL and HL have the same core requirements. They consist of 95 hours and cover the topics listed below. Topic 1: Stoichiometric Relationships- 13.5 hours for SL and HL Notes on Mole Concept and Avogadro’s Constant Notes on all of Stoichiometry Stoichiometry Videos and Notes 1.1: Introduction to the particulate nature of matter and chemical change notes 1.2: Mole concept notes 1.3: Reacting masses and volumes notes Topic 2: Atomic Structure- 6 hours for SL and HL Notes on Atomic Theory Atomic Structure Videos and Notes 2.1: Nuclear atom notes 2.2: Electron configuration notes Topic 3: Periodicity- 6 hours for SL and HL Notes on Periodicity Periodicity Videos and Notes 3.1: Periodic table notes 3.2: Periodic trends notes Topic 4: Chemical bonding and structure- 13.5 hours for SL and HL Notes on Bonding Bonding Videos and Notes 4.1: Ionic bonding and structure notes 4.2: Covalent bonding notes 4.3: Covalent structures notes 4.4: Intermolecular forces notes 4.5: Metallic bonding notes Topic 5: Energetics/Thermochemistry- 9 hours for SL and HL Notes on Energetics Energetics Videos and Notes 5.1: Measuring energy changes notes 5.2: Hess's Law notes 5.3: Bond enthalpies Topic 6: Chemical Kinetics- 7 hours for SL and HL Notes on Kinetics Kinetics Videos and Notes 6.1: Collision theory and rates of reaction Topic 7: Equilibrium- 4.5 hours for SL and HL Notes on Equilibrium Equilibrium Study Guide Equilibrium Videos and Notes 7.1: Equilibrium notes Topic 8: Acids and Bases- 6.5 hours for SL and HL Notes on Acids and Bases Acids and Bases Study Guide Acids and Bases Videos and Notes 8.1: Theory of acids and bases notes 8.2: Properties of acids and bases notes 8.3: The pH scale notes 8.4: Strong and weak acids and bases notes 8.5: Acid deposition notes Topic 9: Redox Processes- 8 hours for SL and HL Oxidation and Reduction Study Guide Redox Processes Videos and Notes 9.1: Oxidation and reduction notes 9.2: Electrochemical cells notes Topic 10: Organic Chemistry- hours for SL and HL Organic Chemistry Study Guide Organic Chemistry Videos and Notes 10.1: Fundamentals of organic chemistry notes 10.2: Functional group chemistry notes Topic : Measurement and Data Processing- 10 hours for SL and HL Spectroscopic Identification of Organic Compounds Study Guide Measurement Videos and Notes .1: Uncertainties and errors in measurements and results notes .2: Graphical techniques notes .3: Spectroscopic identification of organic compounds notes Additional Higher Level (AHL)- 60 hours for HL You will only study the ten topics listed below if you're in IB Chemistry HL; the standard level doesn't cover these topics. Topic 12: Atomic Structure- 2 hours Atomic Structure Study Guide 12.1: Electrons in atoms notes Topic 13: The Periodic Table: Transition Metals- 4 hours Periodic Table Study Guide 13.1: First row d-block elements notes 13.2: Coloured complexes notes Topic 14: Chemical Bonding and Structure- 7 hours Chemical Bonding and Structure Notes 14.1: Covalent bonding and electron domain and molecular geometrics notes 14.2: Hybridization notes Topic 15: Energetics/Thermochemistry- 7 hours Notes on Energetics 15.1: Energy cycles notes 15.2: Entropy and spontaneity notes Topic 16: Chemical Kinetics- 6 hours Videos on Chemical Kinetics 16.1: Rate expression and reaction mechanism notes 16.2: Activation energy notes Okay, you may not get to do this. Topic 17: Equilibrium- 4 hours Notes on Equilibrium 17.1: Equilibrium law notes Topic 18: Acids and Bases- 10 hours Notes on Acids and Bases 18.1: Lewis acids and bases notes 18.2: Calculations involving acids and bases notes 18.3: pH curves notes Topic 19: Redox Processes- 6 hours Notes on Oxidation and Reduction 19.1: Electrochemical cells notes Topic 20: Organic Chemistry- 12 hours Notes on Stereoisomerism 20.1: Types of organic reactions notes 20.2: Synthetic routes notes 20.3: Stereoisomerism Topic 21: Measurement and Analysis- 2 hours Videos on Measurement and Data Processing 21.1: Spectroscopic identification of organic compounds notes Option- 15 hours for SL and 25 hours for HL Unfortunately, there are no free online study guides for the options, but look at our article on IB Chemistry books to find books that review the options topics. Overall IB Chemistry Reviews IB Chemistry HL 31 Common Mistakes: Richard Thornley, the author of this video, has several other helpful videos on IB Chemistry SL and HL available for free on YouTube IB Chemistry Web: This site goes over the syllabus in-depth and explains key definitions and facts you need to know. What’s Next? Want more of a review of what you'll learn in IB Chemistry? Then check out our in-depth guide to the IB Chemistry syllabus: SL and HL and our tips on balancing chemical equations. A prep book can be an extremely useful study tool. Learn which are the best IB Chemistry textbooks by reading our guide. How much do you know about the chemical properties of everyday things? Discover how to use muriatic acid to remove rust from your pots and pans and the effect of adding and removing certain ingredients to create the ultimate slime. Are you hoping to squeeze in some extra IB classes? Learn about the IB courses offered online. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points? We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

How to Write a Self-Critique Essay

How to Write a Self-Critique Essay Writing a Self-Analysis Essay What is a self-critique essay? How to start a self-analysis essay Tips on how to start How to write an outline How to write a thesis for a self-critique essay How to write an introduction Tips on how to write an introduction and thesis How to write body paragraphs Tips on body writing How to finish a self-critique essay Tips on conclusion writing Tips on revision Self-critique ssay sample While writing any essay, it is indeed crucial to understand what you are writing about. Many students find essay writing rather challenging due to the difficulty of comprehending what the task necessitates. Additionally, essay writing requires you to be well-equipped with effective writing skills. Different essays serve different purposes and for a student to be able to handle any paper, there is a need to first understand the type of paperthey are writing. This means, one ought to understand the structure of a paper, the goal or objective, and the topic. Thus, this article seeks to explain how to write a self-critique essay. What is a self-analysis essay? First of all, one needs to understand what a self-critique essay is as well as its features. A self-analysis essay is a type of writing which requires you to think logically and honestly about yourself and your work. This essay necessitates that you critically reflect on yourself and your aptness as a writer. Although writing a self-critique essay may pose a challeng; its features are similar to that of any other essay. These include: The introduction: this is where you basically introduce yourself to your audience. Moreover, this is where you also come up with the central theme of your paper. The thesis: it carries the argument or your topic of discussion. The body: this is where you clearly and briefly explain to your audience your objectives, strengths and weaknesses, and your accomplishments. Additionally, you can state your passions. The conclusion: this is where you briefly produce a summary of your article. How to start a self-critique essay When writing a self-critique essay, it is indeed important to know its main features. This makes it easy for you to familiarize yourself with what you are writing about. To start writing a self-critique essay, consider the following tips. Tips on how to start Select a topic. To start writing a self-critique essay, you first need to select a topic. This will enable you to know and understand what you are to write about. Create a clear outline. This simplifies the writing process and enables your essay to have a smooth and easy flow. Develop a strong thesis statement. This carries the argument in your paper and guides your audience through the rest of your essay. How to write an outline Writing an outline for a self-critique essay is much easier if you clearly comprehend what your assignment exactly requires. Having an outline simplifies the writing process and therefore, developing one is important. It makes your paper have a consistent flow. An outline of an essay entails an introduction, a thesis, the body and the conclusion. How to write a thesis for a self-critique essay A thesis statement is indeed important when writing a self-critique essay. Establishing one is fundamental as it presents your topic to your reader(s). Moreover, it carries the argument in your topic. Through the thesis, you inform your audience how you have performed in your recent work other than just talk much about yourself. Additionally, a thesis helps to guide your reader(s) through your entire essay. How to write an introduction To write the introduction, begin with a strong hook which seeks to capture the attention of your audience. This makes them motivated and want to read more about your article. Writing the introduction of a self-critique essay is much easier if you fully comprehend what the topic requires. Tips on how to write an introduction and a thesis While the introduction familiarizes your audience with your article, the thesis statement seeks to carry the argument in your topic. To learn how to write the introduction and thesis for a self-analysis essay, put the following tips into consideration. Begin with a strong hook. This helps capture the eye of your reader(s) and make them want to read more. Be clear and specific in your introduction. Your audience ought to know that you fully comprehend what you are writing about. Have a clear and precise thesis statement. This helps present your topic to your reader(s) and also guide them through the entire essay. Establish a thesis statement which clearly shows the progress of your work to your audience. How to write body paragraphs The body of a self-critique essay is essential as it seeks to provide your audience with detailed information about yourself. Moreover, this is where you build up your thesis. Below are some tips to consider when writing the body of a self-critique essay. Tips on body writing Begin each paragraph with clear and precise sentences. This makes it easier for your reader(s) to read your writing and also comprehend and familiarize themselves with what you are writing. Outline detailed information about yourself and what you do. For example, a student. This will enable your audience to know much about you. Outline your strengths and weaknesses. This helps your audience know much about you and the hardships you encounter. State your objectives. This seeks to inform your audience what you are striving to accomplish. Use transitional sentences. This enables your audience to understand that the next paragraph talks about a different thing. Mind your choice of words. This will enable you to formulate sentences easily and make the writing process much simpler. How to finish a self-critique essay When concluding a self-critique essay, it is crucial to note that you are briefly summarizing the information on your paper. Providing too much information can make it difficult for you to come up with a conclusion. To easily develop a conclusion, ensure the information you have provided in your paper is clear and precise. To write a conclusion of a self-critique essay, consider the following tips. Tips on conclusion writing Restate your main point. Provide a summary of your main points and focus much on the stronger one(s). Conclude your article with a statement which poses a challenge to your audience. This makes them think much about themselves and reflect on your statement. Tips on revision The vitality of writing a perfect essay is that you provide your audience with quality work. Going through your paper once you are done with writing is important as it helps you correct some of the errors you made. The revision phase helps you to modify your article and make it unique. Below are some tips to consider when revising your self-critique essay: Certify that the information you have provided is about you and what you do. Ensure that your introduction begins with a strong hook which captures the attention of your audience. Confirm that your body paragraphs begin with clear and brief topic sentences. Ensure that they also provide the required information to your audience. Guarantee that your conclusion is brief and poses a challenge to your reader(s). Self-critique essay sample How I developed as a writer Since I joined high school, I was very eager to finish and join college. Life in college seemed much interesting since my peers used to enjoy themselves however they could. This made me yearn to join college more and more as the days went by. When I finally did, my enthusiasm came to a standstill. At first, I thought that it was a dream but I later realized it was the reality. Life in college was not that simple as some of my friends had made it appear to be. Though there is a lot of freedom, assignments usually keep on piling up. Moreover, essay writing was an obligatory task and each one of us was expected to be well-equipped with the necessary writing skills. This posed a big challenge to me since I did not have a passion for essay writing. In high school, essay writing was not a compulsory task unlike in college. At times, the remarks I would get from my professor made me feel like I would not make it out of campus. The only option that hoarded my mind was quitting. However, I sat down and decided to think about how I would make it in college and how I wanted to enjoy my college life. Varying options kept presenting themselves and I had to decide on which ones to settle for. Once I had noted down my goals, I resolved to take essay writing as a challenge. Additionally, it is through challenges that one modifies themselves. The remarks I got from my professor did not deter me from achieving my goals but rather persuade me to try much harder and to never give up. This instilled in me the urge to achieve. With time, I came to improve and my professor was quite impressed with my progress. However, I still needed to improve or develop in some other areas. Slowly, I grew and developed as a writer. My professor became impressed with my writings and even asked me to assist other students. This made me feel a bit satisfied with my advancement. Then, I even started writing for an essay writing company. While in college, money is an essential commodity and asking for it from our parents is often beyond us. Therefore, my essay writing skills helped me to cover some of my expenses. In conclusion, a journey that began with so many challenges soon became easy. I can surely say that I have grown in not just my writing but also in other aspects of life.

Case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 43

Case study - Essay Example The management of Levendary believes that for any business to prosper, customer satisfaction must be a primary focus. Location of business outlets contributes massively to the success as this cafà ©. I would concur with an idea of replicating what Levendary cafà © does in U.S to that it continues pursuing it at Pudong and Beijing embassy because the target market in both locations are American citizens. Foster should introduce a sound strategic plan that outlines comprehensive ways of making profits and risk minimization. A management team needs restructuring by creating a title like the one of the risk manager to evaluate market trends and possible risk related to foreign policies. China has a rapid population thus Foster need strategies that exploit all opportunities to tap a larger market. To minimize management overhead, Foster should consider outsourcing of human resources and introduce comprehensive training to her management team to match the competitors in a new market. Headquarters should comprise all functional organs of the business. Levendary should build their store instead of renting a space for their goods and services. All services of the cafà ©, therefore, should be available at the

American History - The the continent of America is a new beginning for Research Paper - 1

American History - The the continent of America is a new beginning for a better life of justice, liberty and freedom - Research Paper Example Every person has the right of justice in this world. All are equal in the eyes of law. According to the past history of England, An agreement was signed by the British government. The agreement had given right of justice to all the people living in England. There was a practice of implementing different laws in various parts of England. The law implementation difference caused great differences between the people. The perception of difference of color, birth place, and class was enhanced. The society in England argued that difference in implementation of law has violated the right of justice for them. The people of England presented their arguments that they were not satisfied with difference of implementation of law. The law should be implemented on all in a same manner so that the right of justice would be available for all people in England. It was decided by the council of Army that all laws would be implemented for general public. There would not be any discrimination of charter , degree, birth or place. There would be no exemption for anyone to be exempted from the implication of law. The exemption would create differences and society will be divided. All the cities of England are bound to implement the laws which are considered to be implemented in other cities. Powerful people should also bring in the ordinary course of dealing and there would not be any discrimination regarding to Law (Foner). The people living in the society have different religions. The principle of mankind gives a teaching of respect of all religion. The respect would inspire the people to live with brotherhood. The past history shows the hatred among people with respect to religion. The people often speak about others without any reason. It was common in the state that Hutchinson was continuously speaking out against the Clergy by defective logics. They were trying to degrade Clergy. It was observed by the

Ultra Mobile PC’s Essay Example for Free

Ultra Mobile PC’s Essay Standard application This study asserts that UMPC’s can use any software integrated within the device and more especially when it comes to Windows XP and Vista. For example, businessmen can use Windows word, excel and power point application effectively without any problems. On the other hand, those users who are not able to use the available QWERTY keyboard can use the avainble USB port to connect to an external keyboard. UMPCs also have a touch sensitive screen, which can allow the use to fingers to prompt for information or even use pen calibration. In this manner, the user is able to keep a fast track of events may at class, in a business meeting or in cases of medics previewing patients and making quick notes on the touch screen. With the integration of various technologies which can integrate with windows XP and Vista software like Tablet Enhancements for Outlook (TEO) UMPC’s are able to maximize the use of captured data (Eisten technologies, 2004). The use of TEO allows, users to even edit their information with ease for increased efficiency. According to Eistein technologies the integration of TEO allows the users of UMPC’s to have; †¢ Convenient and more accurate handwriting recognition, which allows minimal mistakes if any. On the other hand one is able to convert their text when they want to according to their convenience. †¢ In using TEO, applications like PDA are easily recognized and applicable in UMPC’s. †¢ The use of TEO allows preview text to prompt the user of any unrecognized texts so that they can be corrected on time. †¢ TEO allows one to improve correction interfaces without much challenges compared to earlier versions. (Eisten technologies, 2004) With the use of TEO technology, the use of UMPC’s becomes more interesting and organized in all categories. For example, TEO can be applied in note taking and ensuring organized forms of data storage and accessibility (Eisten technologies, 2004). Interfacing to the Internet UMPC’s have higher compatibility of Internet interfacing. For example, users can apply the use of the available USB’s to connect to the Internet effectively. UMPC’s are modified for use with various forms of broadband technologies, which can allow people from different to interact through the Internet. On the other hand, businessmen can make connections through the Internet and save time and energy wasted in covering long distances by their clients. In many instances what matters with Internet interface in UMPC’s is the type of Internet subscriber used, and the effectiveness in service delivery. Studies show that one important feature in UMP’s comprise of their ability to have strong bases for browsing the internet (K. -W. Chin, et al, 2002). Conclusions and future predictions The following are some of the future predictions of this study; †¢ More studies should be carried to ensure more enhancements are made to UMPC’s †¢ Companies dealing with the UMPC technologies should come together and work in harmony for better results in modifying the existing forms of UMPC’s †¢ The target markets for UMPC’s should be the main drivers of modifications made in the UMPC devices so that companies can be able to make consumer quality goods in order to gain a competitive edge †¢ UMPC’s stand to be the next solution for commercial use and hence the need to ensure that they are treated with the seriousness that they deserve in the corporate and commercial world. Conclusion This study found out that UMPCs market and usability has greatly increased over the decades. UMPCs are currently viewed as the noble solutions to most challenges faced in commercial business for instance companies and hospital use. The effectiveness in information storage makes it easier even for hospitals to be able to store patient’s information and walk around with it, referring to it when the need arises. The medical sector which was most affected in terms of mobility of medical information stands to benefit greatly from the current use of the UMPC’s technologies. This study recommends that, mobile companies to come up with more significant milestones in the UMPC’s world should carry out more studies. Reference list Appear Networks. (2008). Appear Announces Support for Intel UMPC Devices. Retrieved on 27th December 2008 from www. appearnetworks. com/Appear-Announces-Support-for-Intel. html C. Barrett et al. (2002). â€Å"Characterizing the Interaction Between Routing and MAC Protocols in Ad-hoc Networks,† Proc. MobiHoc 2002 , pp. 92-103 C. Elliott B. Heile (2000) â€Å"Self-Organizing, Self-Healing Wireless Networks,† Proc. 2000 IEEE Intl Conf. on Personal Wireless Comm. , pp. 355-362. Eisten technologies. (2004). Tablet Enhancements for Outlook 2. 0. Retrieved on 27th December 2008 from http://www. tabletpcpost. com/modules. php? op=modloadname=Downloadsfile=indexreq=viewdownloaddetailslid=9ttitle=Tablet_Enhancements_for_Outlook_2.  0 J. Broch et al. (1998) â€Å"A Performance Comparison of Multi-Hop Wireless Ad Hoc Network Routing Protocols,† Proc. Mobicom 98. D. Cavin et al. (2002) â€Å"On the accuracy of MANET simulators,† Proc. ACM Workshop on Princ. Mobile Computing (POMC02), Oct. 2002, pp. 38-43. online K. -W. Chin, et al. (2002). â€Å"Implementation Experience with MANET Routing Protocols,† ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communications Review, Nov. 2002, pp. 49-59. Available online. M. S. Corson et al. (1999) â€Å"Internet-Based Mobile Ad Hoc Networking,† IEEE Internet Computing, pp. 63-70.

Pompey The Great :: essays research papers

Pompey The Great   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Pompey was a Roman general and political leader. He was a member of the first Triumvirate with Julius Caesar and Marcus Crassus, but later became Caesar's enemy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Pompey was born September 30, 106 B.C. His first important military experiences were in the Social war during which his father Pompeius Strabo, taught Pompey his military skills. Pompey distinguished himself in the civil war between Lucies Sulla and Gaius Marius. Pompey raised his own army in Picenum. He did such a good job raising his army he was made an imperator general. In 83 B.C., he was sent as an imperator general to Sicily and then to Africa. Successes in both places earned Pompey the name Magnus and the honor of a triumph, although he was little over 25 years old and legally unqualified for such a status.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Some years later, the senate used his aid against the remnants of Marius' factor. Then in 77 B.C., Pompey moved against the Marian forces commanded by Quintus Sertorius in Spain. There his operations were not rewarded but Sertoriu's death by poison permitted Pompeys return to Italy in time to annihilate the remnants of Spartacus's army fleeing from the defeat at Crassus hands (71 B.C.). For his victory, Pompey celebrated his second triumph although he still held public office. He got a spot in office by moving into the highest office of all, the consulship with Crassus as his colleague (70 B.C.). Together they overthrew Sulla's constitution by giving the plebian tribunes their former powers and the knights partial control of the law courts. In 67 B.C., the tribune Aulus Gabinius, by a bill gave extraordinary military powers to Pompey. His objective was to deal with Piracy throughout the Mediterranean. Pompey needed only three months to finish this task.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This feat led to further honors. In 60 B.C., on the motion of another tribune, Pompey received even greater powers when appointed in Lucullus's place as commander against Mithridates the Great. With little difficulty, the new Roman commander forced the Mithridates from Asia Minor and then spent some years overrunning the North East. The big range of Pompey's Journeys and his hatred towards the natives started future trouble with Parthia. Pompey did, however, increase Rome's dominions, and he also laid a firm foundation for Roman administration in the area. While in Palestine, he learned of Mithridates' suicide and some months later he returned to Italy and a third triumph. His action in disbanding his army relieved his enemies of their anxiety at his return, but it also persuaded the senate to refuse to approve his near Eastern

Analysis And Reflection On A Science Activity Undertaken

This assignment will look into the effectual instruction of scientific discipline in the foundation phase and cardinal phase 1 by reflecting upon a scientific discipline activity undertaken during Autumn Attachment. It will discourse the of import points in scientific discipline instruction such as evocation, practical activities, distinction and the importance of appraisal. The great importance of learning scientific discipline in schools can be made clear by looking at the undermentioned points. The schools in general should learn kids the basic information and accomplishments of the scientific disciplines every bit good as the indispensable rules of scientific thought and job resolution. The purpose must be to prosecute the kids, to acquire them interested. Teachers should seek and avoid kids from holding bad experiences of scientific discipline and as a consequence disliking it. Primary school instruction is particularly of import. When learning lessons that cover the basic scientific constructs it can organize the footing of what could turn into a lasting involvement in scientific discipline. The kids need to be excited and motivated by scientific discipline in order for them to larn. One scientific undertaking that explored immature kids ‘s apprehension of scientific discipline was the SPACE undertaking ( the scientific discipline procedure and construct geographic expedition undertaking ) . Working within a constructivist model it explored 12 different countries of scientific discipline. The kids ‘s apprehension was investigated before a 6 hebdomad spread, it was so looked at once more to see if there had been any alterations. The consequences obtained from this survey led to 8 major research studies and a set of course of study stuffs ( Nuffield Primary Science ) being published and developed. SPACE was a classroom-based undertaking. It ‘s purpose was to set up the thoughts that primary school kids had in peculiar scientific discipline construct countries and the possibility of kids altering their thoughts as a consequence of relevant experiences. The joint managers of the survey were Doctor Wynne Harlen and Professor Paul Black. The undertaki ng was based upon the thought that kids develop their thoughts through the experiences they have therefore the purpose was to set up the above points.Ball experiment:During Autumn Attachment I led an activity affecting the usage of the senses and proving theories. The kids were shown 5 different balls. They were asked to touch and look at each ball one at a clip and give a brief description of how the ball looked and felt. They were so asked to give an appraisal of how many times they thought the ball would resile, based on how the ball looked and felt. The balls were so dropped from the same tallness and so kids counted each of the bouncinesss. The existent figure of bouncinesss was so written down following to the kids ‘s conjectures so the kids could compare their conjectures to the existent figure of bouncinesss. This activity involved the kids holding to utilize their senses, both touch and sight, to come up with a sensible conjecture of how many bouncinesss there would b e. They had to utilize their anterior cognition of balls they had experience of resiling in order to come up with their conjectures. When be aftering for this activity it would hold been utile to execute an evocation activity. It is really of import to find what present the kids are working at and to learn them harmonizing to their ability. Evocation is a stipulation to altering the kids ‘s different constructs. There are three conditions that are necessary for of import acquisition to take topographic point. The stuff that is presented must do sense or lucifer experience. The kid must cognize plenty relevant information and they need to be able to larn meaningfully. I unluckily did non show such an activity. If I had it would hold allowed me to be after the activity more efficaciously and derive better responses from the kids as I would hold better understood the kids ‘s degrees and had a better thought of what the kids already knew. ‘Scaffolding ‘ is an of import facet of kid development. Vygotsky defined it as the â€Å" function of instructors and others in back uping the scholar †˜s development and supplying support constructions to acquire to that following phase or degree † . The scaffolds allow a pupil ‘s to construct on anterior cognition and retrieve new information. This is merely what is so of import in the instruction of scientific discipline. Children should be able to construct on the anterior cognition they have with support from the instructor and the experiences they are offered. This is why evocation is so of import. In order to construct on a kid ‘s anterior cognition we must foremost larn what their anterior cognition is. I did nevertheless, consider distinction. Differentiation provides chances for kids of all abilities to show what they know, what they understand and what they can make. It involves offering the kids undertakings which enable them to demo some grounds of what they are capable of at their best. There are two ways to distinguish an activity ; distinction by result and distinction by undertaking. Differentiation by outcome involves all kids set abouting the same undertaking and the distinction is based on the quality of work or response given by the kids. Differentiation by undertaking involves the kids being set a specific undertaking based on their ability degrees. The undertakings may be differentiated on the footing of trouble, the sum of construction or the sum of counsel given or it could be all three. The activity I led was differentiated by result. The kids were all asked to take part in the same undertaking but the quality of the replies and responses given differed based on th e ability of each kid. There are both advantages and disadvantages for each type of distinction. In distinction by outcome the undertaking can be used by each kid and a comparing can be made between their abilities. It avoids holding to judge which students would be suited to which undertaking. It is nevertheless, rather hard to come up with a undertaking that will offer counsel and support for lower degree kids whilst non keeping back the higher degree kids. In the instance of my activity it was non needfully designed to provide for all ability groups in the category. The lower winners found it rather hard to come up with suited words to depict each ball every bit good as sensible estimations when thinking how many times the ball would resile. Again, an evocation activity would hold been improbably utile as it would demo what level the kids are at for that peculiar country of cognition and apprehension. It may besides hold been better to offer somewhat different undertakings coveri ng the same country of larning for the different abilities of the category. Distinguishing by undertaking allows the undertaking to be matched to the ability of the kid so all degrees of ability can see some success. Although the lower ability kids may hold taken away something from the activity they may hold gotten more from it had it been catered for their specific ability. It may hold besides helped to force the higher winners further by offering them an activity that was a little more ambitious than the one set. Measuring students advancement is another of import facet in order to estimate patterned advance. For this peculiar activity I chose to execute formative appraisal. This was due to the nature of the activity. The kids did non bring forth any written work that could hold been assessed. Formative appraisal, besides known as appraisal for larning ( AoF ) is all about measuring advancement, analyzing the information and eating back in a positive manner. This is so that any actions to be taken can be agreed by the kid and the instructor. It besides allows the learning methods to be changed so that any demands, of the kid, that have been identified can be met. Assessment for larning involves sharing any learning ends with the kids, self-assessment and peer reappraisal. Assessment for larning or formative appraisal is an on-going procedure and encourages the kids to take more duty for their ain acquisition. It besides involves the kids being aware of what they are larning and the intent of it. In hindsight this is something that I should hold implemented in my activity. Although they kids appeared to bask it and acquire involved, all offering their ain sentiments and positions, they likely did non cognize or understand why they were making it. Giving feedback to the kids is an of import facet after appraisal. Research has shown that giving feedback on mistakes and offering the chance for the kids to place their ain schemes for bettering their work in the hereafter is straight linked to important betterment. It is critical nevertheless, non to compare one kid to another or do mention to kids ‘s ability. It is besides thought that rating work can hold a negative consequence on public presentation and should hence be avoided. During this activity I made certain to promote kids to believe of new descriptive words and offered congratulations for any original or â€Å" out of the box † thought. I besides offered verbal congratulations for things that certain ki ds did that were good for them ; this was different depending on the ability of the kid. Due to the nature of this activity there was no written appraisal involved, this is nevertheless, another signifier of formative appraisal. It assess each kid ‘s advancement and offers constructive feedback. Written feedback can include teacher-led appraisal and child self-assessment. I decided to be after a practical activity as the kids in this peculiar category had small experience of scientific discipline activities and it was of import to capture their attending and excite them. Practical activities are one of the chief characteristics of learning scientific discipline. There are 4 chief functions of practical activities. They are used for deriving information, constructs and rules ; for developing procedure accomplishments ; to heighten acquisition of the nature of scientific discipline and for bettering attitudes towards scientific discipline. Although larning about scientific constructs is considered to be one the most of import facets, there is small grounds to propose that practical activities add to the acquisition of these constructs. What there is small uncertainty about nevertheless, is that practical activities change peoples positions of scientific discipline, that they about ever better kids ‘s enjoyment of scientific discipline and that pro cedure accomplishments are more efficaciously taught. They provide a common set of experiences for the kids that can be used in treatments with the whole category or with persons. It was surely the best pick for this group of kids. They were engaged and excited about the constructs they were larning approximately and this helped them to be engaged for a drawn-out period of clip. It is besides more likely that the kids will retrieve the experience of physically resiling the balls to work out the job instead than merely discoursing it. Scientific question is thought to be a really of import facet of learning scientific discipline within the National Curriculum. It gives instructors the chance to force the pupils frontward and to heighten their apprehension of the topic. By leting the kids to take portion in probes it allows them to inquire inquiries, use their experimental accomplishments to come up with sensible accounts for why things happen and investigate facets of the universe.Decision:I have to hold that scientific question is a really of import facet of learning scientific discipline. Children need to be able to inquire inquiries and figure things out for themselves. In order for this to go on I feel that practical experiences of scientific constructs is something all kids should acquire the opportunity to take portion in during scientific discipline lessons, particularly in primary schools. Children need to hold strong, positive experiences of scientific discipline for a solid foundation for the hereafter. Peoples of all ages remember more of what they do that of what they hear, hence, I feel to learn scientific discipline efficaciously there needs to be practical activities offered to kids. This is non the lone of import facet of scientific discipline instruction, nor is the lone thing needed in order to learn scientific discipline efficaciously. Evocation activities need to take topographic point so that the kids ‘s abilities and cognition can be noted and the lessons differentiated consequently. For the kids to hold genuinely meaningful experiences they need to experience like they can fall in in. Therefore the lessons need to provide for all. Assessment, excessively, is critical. It is needed to maintain path of the kids ‘s advancement and their abilities. In short, kids need to hold solid, positive experiences that are catered towards their demands in order to hold a positive mentality on larning the scientific disciplines.

Discrimination: a Class Divided

The PBS video, A Class Divided, has brought to light a sensitive subject that has plagued societies for hundreds, even thousands of years. I have learned a lot about discrimination by watching this video. I was not aware that discrimination is a learned behavior. It seems that anytime there is a situation in which someone is viewed in a critical way, called out on those facts, and an opinion on those facts is expressed, it is a potential for discrimination. It only takes the views of one person to alter another persons perception of the world around them. There are several scenes from the video that has left a lasting impression in my mind. One of the most impressionable events was on the second day of the experiment. On this particular day, Jane Elliot called the children together to discuss what had been happening for the past two days. Once the children were discussing how it made them feel and how wrong it was to treat people that way, I thought that it was amazing that third graders could relate the experiment to real life discrimination. I feel that these children really learned what is was like to discriminate against someone and to be discriminated against. Another scene that left a lasting impression on me, was the last scene of the program, when Jane Elliott was debriefing the adults from the correctional facility. That experiment, even in such a short time, proved how easy it was to break down the barriers of what is right or wrong. Even hough the adults were less tolerant of the ridicule and demeaning accusations, most did not say anything, and the ones that did just gave the discriminators more ammunition. The things that surprised me the most was how easy it was to turn the children against each other. It seemed so easy for the first group of children â€Å"on top† to find things to blame on the inferior group. It was almost automatic that the children in the inferior group to be offended or feel badly when called â€Å"brown eyes. † I didn't think they would react quite so quickly and feel so b ad right away. The blue-eyed children were mean and found lots of ways to discriminate against the brown eyed children. However once the brown eyed children were â€Å"on top† the terrible feeling about themselves seemed to diminish rather quickly, and I think since they knew how it felt to be on the inferior side they were not as mean and the first group of children that were â€Å"on top. † The children that participated in the experience learned a very valuable lesson and were able to carry these values with them through adulthood. It was amazing to me to see how stating facts like the color of someone's eyes and adding an opinion to them, like they are smarter or better, can trigger such negative feelings. The names they used were not necessary derogatory, but were perceived as derogatory because stereotypes and discrimination attached to them. The children learned that just because they perceive something as being acceptable or normal it may cause someone else to feel bad or be hurt. The children also learned that teasing is hurtful and mean. By setting distinct divisions, such as, giving the blue-eyed children five extra minutes at recess or not allowing them to play on the playground equipment the next day enforced the segregation and gave the children sense of hopelessness . Not allowing the children to play together made them feel as if their friends had just been taken away and that they were not as good or smart as the other group. Overall, what the children learned, is to except each other. Even though there are physical differences, human beings deserve to be treated equally and fair no matter what color their eyes or skin may be. I think that this experiment runs parallel to the Sioux prayer â€Å" Help me not judge a person until I have walked in his shoes. † This activity teaches us that we can not fully understand how it would feel to be the minority and to be discriminated against unless put into a situation of such. Nor would we able to judge someone harshly for who or what they are until you have experienced it first hand and literally walked in their shoes.

How Many Seconds Are There in a Day A Week A Year

How Many Seconds Are There in a Day A Week A Year SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Ever wondered how many seconds there are in a day? How about a week? A year? Thanks to Rent, we might know the number of minutes in a year (525,600), but how many seconds is that? Whether you’re trying to get even more granular about how you measure a year or you’re just trying to figure out how many seconds are left until summer vacation, this guide will teach you how many seconds are in a day, a week, a year, and beyond. Not only will we teach you how to calculate these problems, but we’ll also give you a handy chart to keep track of them. Read on to find out how to swap one unit of time for another! All the numbers on a clock represent different aspects of time, all of which come back to seconds. What’s a Second? Before we get into how many seconds there are in a day, let’s talk about what a second is. A second is our base unit of time- base, but not smallest. A base unit is a unit defined on its own terms upon which other units are based. That means that all our other units, such as minutes, hours, nanoseconds, and so on, are all based on seconds. We talk about hours in terms of minutes, but minutes are based on seconds, bringing us back to the base unit. A second used to be based on the Earth’s rotation cycle, with one second being 1/86,400 of the average solar day. Now that we know more about how the Earth rotates- and that the speed at which it rotates is slowing down- we now use a more accurate method. We base a second off of the radiation cycles of a caesium-133 atom, often called an â€Å"atomic clock.† Because our astronomical year varies in length, we also sometimes add â€Å"leap seconds† to the clock to keep better time, or we’d eventually end up with time being way off of where it should be. Adding seconds is infrequent, and doesn’t actually change the time- all it does is keep us consistent. But those single leap seconds matter, keeping us on track so that a few missed seconds doesn’t become a missed minute or hour or day over time. The hands on a clock move in seconds, minutes, and hours, which are all, in some ways, measures of seconds. How Many Seconds in a Day? Now that we know what a second really is- an arbitrary measurement of time used to calculate other, larger units of time- we can start thinking about how many it takes to make up all the other time units. How Many Seconds in a Minute The largest unit after seconds is a minute. There are 60 seconds in one minute. Why? Nobody’s really sure, but it goes all the way back to ancient Babylon. How Many Seconds in an Hour You may already know that there are 60 minutes in an hour, but how many seconds is that? To figure it out, we’ll need to multiply. 60 seconds in one minute and 60 minutes in one hour means that $1 \hour = 60 * 60$. Calculate that out and you’ll find that 1 hour = 3,600 minutes. How to Calculate Seconds Back and Forth It takes some memorization, but it’s not hard to calculate seconds into minutes, hours, days, or even years; you can even go in reverse! For example, if you know that something will take 120 seconds but aren’t sure how many minutes that is, you simply divide by 60, the number of seconds in a minute. Likewise, if you want to know how many seconds are in three days, first you’ll need to calculate how many minutes there are in three days. Three days is 72 hours ($24 \hours * 3 \days$), equivalent to 4,320 minutes ($72 \hours * 60 \minutes$), or 259,200 seconds ($4,320 \minutes * 60 \seconds$). You can do this for really big numbers, too. How many seconds are in a month? Well, the average month is 30.42 days. A day is 24 hours, so the average month is 730.08 hours ($30.42 \days * 24 \hours$). 730.08 hours is equal to 43,804.8 minutes ($730.08 \hours * 60 \minutes$), or 2,628,288 seconds ($43,804.8 \minutes * 60 \seconds$). ...in a second .. in a minute ...in an hour ...in a day ...in a week ...in a month ...in a year †¦in a decade ...in a century Seconds 1 60 3,600 86,400 604,800 2,628,288 3.1536 Ãâ€" $10^7$ 3.1536 Ãâ€" $10^8$ 3.1536 Ãâ€" $10^9$ Minutes $1/60$ 1 60 1,440 10,080 43,804.8 525,600 5.256 Ãâ€" $10^6$ 5.256 Ãâ€" $10^7$ Hours $1/3600$ $1/60$ 1 24 168 730.08 8,760 87,600 876,000 Days $1/86400$ $1/1400$ $1/24$ 1 7 30.42 365 3,650 36,500 Weeks $1/604800$ $1/10080$ $1/168$ $1/7$ 1 4.3 52 520 5,200 Months $1/2628288$ $1/43804.8$ $1/730.08$ $1/30.42$ $1/4.3$ 1 12 120 1,200 Years $1/(3.1536 Ãâ€" 10^7)$ $1/525600$ $1/87600$ $1/365$ $1/52$ $1/12$ 1 10 100 Decades $1/(3.1536 Ãâ€" 10^8)$ $1/(5.256 Ãâ€" 10^6)$ $1/3650$ $1/520$ $1/520$ $1/120$ $1/10$ 1 10 Centuries $1/(3.1536 Ãâ€" 10^9)$ $1/(5.256 Ãâ€" 10^7)$ $1/876000$ $1/36500$ $1/5200$ $1/1200$ $1/100$ $1/10$ 1 Key Tips for Time Conversions It’s not a big deal if you can’t memorize this whole table- most people can’t tell you how many seconds are in a decade off the top of their head. But the calculations are simple math- you just need to know the basics! One Minute = 60 Seconds One Hour = 60 Minutes One Day = 24 Hours One Week = 7 Days One Year = 52 Weeks One Decade = 10 Years One Century = 10 Decades It can be difficult to figure out how many days or weeks are in a month, because months vary in length between 28 and 31 days. If you find yourself needing to figure things out on a more exact basis, use the number of days in the specific month you’re looking for rather than trying to use an average. If a specific month won’t work and you just want an overall sense of the number of days in a month, for example, you know that there are 365 days and 12 months in a year. Divide $365/12$ for 30.42, the average number of days in a month. You don’t have to memorize it- just solve it out! Likewise, you can divide the number of weeks in a year, 52, by the number of months in a year, 12, to get 4.3, the average number of weeks in a month. What’s Next? Ready for more big numbers? Check out this guide to how many zeros there are in a billion and beyond! If you just want to test your calculation skills, these math games are great for fifth graders! Converting seconds to minutes and beyond requires a solid grasp of multiplication- if you need a little help with memorizing your times tables, our multiplication guide will help you out!

The Rosenberg Espionage Case

The Rosenberg Espionage Case The execution of New York City couple Ethel and Julius Rosenberg after their conviction for being Soviet spies was a major news event of the early 1950s. The case was intensely controversial, touching nerves throughout American society, and debates about the Rosenbergs continue to the present day. The basic premise  of the Rosenberg case was that Julius, a committed communist, passed secrets of the atomic bomb to the Soviet Union, which helped the USSR develop its own nuclear program. His wife Ethel was accused of conspiring with him, and her brother, David Greenglass, was a conspirator who turned against them and cooperated with the government. The Rosenbergs, who were arrested in the summer of 1950, had come under suspicion when a Soviet spy, Klaus Fuchs, confessed to British authorities months earlier. Revelations from Fuchs led the FBI to the Rosenbergs, Greenglass, and a courier for the Russians, Harry Gold. Others were implicated and convicted for participating in the spy ring, but the Rosenbergs drew the most attention. The Manhattan couple had two young sons. And the idea that they could be spies putting the national security of the United States at risk fascinated the public. On the night the Rosenbergs were executed, June 19, 1953, vigils were held in American cities protesting what was widely seen as a great injustice. Yet many Americans, including President Dwight Eisenhower, who had taken office six months earlier, remained convinced of their guilt. Over the following decades controversy over the Rosenberg case never entirely faded. Their sons, who had been adopted after their parents died in the electric chair, persistently campaigned to clear their names. In the 1990s declassified material established that American authorities had been solidly convinced that Julius Rosenberg had been passing secret national defense material to the Soviets during World War II. Yet a suspicion that first arose during the Rosenbergs trial in the spring of 1951, that Julius could not have known any valuable atomic secrets, remains. And the role of Ethel Rosenberg and her degree of culpability remains a subject for debate. Background of the Rosenbergs Julius Rosenberg was born in New York City in 1918 to a family of immigrants and grew up on Manhattans Lower East Side. He attended Seward Park High School in the neighborhood and later attended City College of New York, where he received a degree in electrical engineering. Ethel Rosenberg had been born Ethel Greenglass in  New York City in 1915. She had aspired to a career as an actress but became a secretary. After becoming active in labor disputes she became a communist, and met Julius in 1936 through events organized by the Young Communist League. Julius and Ethel married in 1939. In 1940 Julius Rosenberg joined the U.S. Army and was assigned to the Signal Corps. He worked as an electrical inspector and began passing military secrets to Soviets agents during World War II. He was able to obtain documents, including plans for advanced weaponry, which he forwarded to a Soviet spy whose cover was working as a diplomat at the Soviet consulate in New York City. Julius Rosenbergs apparent motivation was his sympathy for the Soviet Union. And he believed that as the Soviets were allies of the United States during the war, they should have access to Americas defense secrets. In 1944, Ethels brother David Greenglass, who was serving in the U.S. Army as a machinist, was assigned to the top-secret Manhattan Project. Julius Rosenberg mentioned that to his Soviet handler, who urged him to recruit Greenglass as a spy. In early 1945 Julius  Rosenberg was discharged from the Army when his membership in the American Communist Party was discovered. His spying for the Soviets  had apparently gone unnoticed. And his espionage activity continued with his recruitment of his brother-in-law, David Greenglass. After being recruited by Julius Rosenberg, Greenglass, with the cooperation of his wife Ruth Greenglass, began passing  notes on the Manhattan Project to the Soviets. Among the secrets Greenglass passed along were sketches of parts for the type of bomb which was dropped on Nagasaki, Japan. In early 1946 Greenglass was honorably discharged from the Army. In civilian life he went into business with Julius Rosenberg, and the two men struggled to operate a small machine shop in lower Manhattan. Discovery and Arrest In the late 1940s, as the threat of communism gripped America, Julius Rosenberg and David Greenglass seemed to have ended their espionage careers. Rosenberg was apparently still sympathetic to the Soviet Union and a committed communist, but his access to secrets to pass along to Russian agents had dried up. Their career as spies might have remained undiscovered if not for the arrest of Klaus Fuchs, a German physicist who had fled the Nazis in the early 1930s and continued his advanced research in Britain. Fuchs worked on secret British projects during the early years of World War II, and then was brought to the United States, where he was assigned to the Manhattan Project. Fuchs returned to Britain after the war, where he eventually came under suspicion because of family ties to the communist regime in East Germany. Suspected of spying, was interrogated by the British and in early 1950 he confessed to passing atomic secrets to the Soviets. And he implicated an American, Harry Gold, a communist who had worked as a courier delivering material to Russian agents. Harry Gold was located and questioned by the FBI, and he confessed to having passed atomic secrets to his Soviet handlers. And he implicated David Greenglass, the brother-in-law of Julius Rosenberg. David Greenglass was arrested on June 16, 1950. The next day, a front-page headline in the New York Times read, Ex-G.I. Seized Here On Charge He Gave Bomb Data to Gold. Greenglass was interrogated by the FBI, and told how he had been drawn into an espionage ring by his sisters husband. A month later, on July 17, 1950, Julius Rosenberg was arrested at his home on Monroe Street in lower Manhattan. He maintained his innocence, but with Greenglass agreeing to testify against him, the government appeared to have a solid case. At some point Greenglass offered information to the FBI implicating his sister, Ethel Rosenberg. Greenglass claimed he had made notes at Manhattan Project labs at Los Alamos and Ethel had typed them up before the information was passed to the Soviets. The Rosenberg Trial The trial of the Rosenbergs was held at the federal courthouse in lower Manhattan in March 1951. The government argued that both Julius and Ethel had conspired to pass atomic secrets to Russian agents. As the Soviet Union had detonated its own atomic bomb in 1949, the public perception was that the Rosenbergs had given away the knowledge that enabled the Russians to build their own bomb. During the trial, there was some skepticism expressed by the defense team that a lowly machinist, David Greenglass, could have supplied any useful information to the Rosenbergs. But even if the information passed along by the spy ring wasnt very useful, the government made a convincing case that the Rosenbergs intended to help the Soviet Union. And while the Soviet Union had been a wartime ally, in the spring of 1951 it was clearly seen as an adversary of the United States. The Rosenberg, along with another suspect in the spy ring, electrical technician Morton Sobell, were found guilty on March 28, 1951. According to an article in the New York Times the following day, the jury had deliberated for seven hours and 42 minutes. The Rosenbergs were sentenced to death by Judge Irving R. Kaufman on April 5, 1951. For the next two years they made various attempts to appeal their conviction and sentence, all of which were thwarted in the courts. Execution and Controversy Public doubt about the Rosenbergs trial and the severity of their sentence prompted demonstrations, including large rallies held in New York City. There were serious questions about whether their defense attorney during the  trial had made damaging mistakes that led to their conviction. And, given the questions about the value of any  material they would have passed to the Soviets, the death penalty seemed excessive. The Rosenbergs were executed in the electric chair at Sing Sing Prison in Ossining, New York, on June 19, 1953. Their final appeal, to the United States Supreme Court, had been denied seven hours before they were executed. Julius Rosenberg was placed in the electric chair first, and received the first jolt of 2,000 volts at 8:04 p.m. After two subsequent shocks he was declared dead at 8:06 p.m. Ethel Rosenberg followed him to the electric chair immediately after her husbands body had been removed, according to a newspaper story published the next day. She received the first electric shocks at 8:11 p.m, and after repeated shocks a doctor declared that she was still alive. She was shocked again, and was finally declared dead at 8:16 p.m. Legacy of the Rosenberg Case David Greenglass, who had testified against his sister and brother-in-law, was sentenced to federal prison and was eventually paroled in 1960. When he walked out of federal custody, near the docks of lower Manhattan, on November 16, 1960, he was heckled by longshoreman, who yelled out that he was a lousy communist and a dirty rat. In the late 1990s, Greenglass, who had changed his name and lived with his family out of public view, spoke to a New York Times reporter. He said the government forced him to testify against his sister by threatening to prosecute his own wife (Ruth Greenglass had never been prosecuted). Morton Sobel, who had been convicted along with the Rosenbergs, was sentenced to federal prison and was paroled in January 1969. The two young sons of the Rosenbergs, orphaned by the execution of their parents, were adopted by family friends and grew up as Michael and Robert Meeropol. They have campaigned for decades to clear their parents names. In 2016, the final year of the Obama administration, the sons of Ethel and Julius Rosenberg contacted the White House to seek a statement of exoneration for their mother. According to a December 2016 news report, White House officials said they would consider the request. However, no action was taken on the case.

Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Technology - Essay Example This can be a stepping-stone to the child or adolescent to start bullying their immediate or fellow students and their teachers. Children bullying at tender age may just tease their fellow student, neighbors and teachers but when they grow up with such mentality, bullying altogether take a different meaning and as it expands, date violence, sexually harassing girls. As a human being we express our feelings through emotions, when we feel happy we express it through smile, when we are angry we show it by shouting at someone or by through force, when we feel sad we cry, like that human beings emotions are a way to express themselves. Emotions are complex that don’t have a single universally accepted definition. These are termed as mental states that arise spontaneously without any conscious effort. Some experts feel emotions are a cognitive process and are physical expressions that are related to feelings, perceptions or belief about objects and relations between them. When it comes to scientific research emotions are divided into multiple dimensions such as behavioral, physiological, subjective and cognitive. According to experts deeds, ideas, emotions and physiological states are the four components of human behavior. Idea and deed can be chosen independently but emotions and physiological states cannot be chosen independently. The basics start at school and slowly as they become mature they realize learning is a long process and helps them to be disciplined. The importance of learning is to share with others and make them educated. Studying at colleges and universities is totally a different ball game compared to schools. In colleges and universities the curriculum will be based on practical assumptions. Courses offering at universities and colleges are termed as professional courses and inclined towards engineering, management and political careers. The